South America is verged on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean, North America and the Caribbean Sea lie toward the northwest. The mainland, by and large, incorporates twelve sovereign states: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela; two ward domains: the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; and one inner region: French Guiana. In expansion, the ABC islands of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Ascension Island (reliance of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, a British Overseas Territory), Bouvet Island (reliance of Norway), Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago may likewise be viewed as portions of South America.
Topography
South America involves the southern segment of the Americas. The mainland for the most part delimited on the northwest by the Darién watershed along the Colombia–Panama line. Albeit some may consider the line rather be the Panama Canal. Geopolitically
Also, geologically, the entirety of Panama – including the fragment east of the Panama Canal in the isthmus – ordinarily remembered for North America alone and among the nations of Central America. Practically all of the terrain in South America sits on the South American Plate.
South America is home to the world’s most noteworthy continuous cascade, Angel Falls in Venezuela; the most noteworthy single drop cascade Kaieteur Falls in Guyana; the biggest stream by volume, the Amazon River; the longest mountain range, the Andes (whose most noteworthy mountain is Aconcagua at 6,962 m or 22,841 ft); the driest non-polar spot on earth, the Atacama Desert; the wettest spot on earth, López de Micay in Colombia; the biggest rainforest, the Amazon rainforest; the most noteworthy capital city, La Paz, Bolivia; the most elevated financially safe lake on the planet, Lake Titicaca; and, barring research stations in Antarctica, the world’s southernmost for all time possessed local area, Puerto Toro, Chile.
Extraordinary cases
A disengaged volcanic island on the South American Plate, Ascension Island is topographically a piece of South America. Regulated as a reliance of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, the island is geopolitically a piece of Africa.
An uninhabited subAntarctic volcanic island situated in the South Atlantic Ocean, Bouvet Island (directed by Norway) is topographically, geographically, personally, and hydrologically connected with Antarctica, however, the United Nations geoscheme has a remembered the area for South America all things being equal.
Environment
The dispersion of the normal temperatures in the area presents a steady consistency from the 30° of scope south, when the isotherms tend, to an ever-increasing extent, to mistake for the levels of scope.
In calm scopes, winters and summers are milder than in North America. This is on the grounds that the broadest piece of the mainland is in the central zone, hence giving the Southern Cone more maritime impact, which moderates all year temperatures.
The normal yearly temperatures in the Amazon bowl sway around 27 °C (81 °F). Low warm amplitudes and high precipitation files. Between the Maracaibo Lake and the mouth of the Orinoco, prevails a tropical environment of the sort Congolese, that additionally incorporates portions of the Brazilian region.
